---
title: "Art. 51 AI Act: Classification of general-purpose AI models as general-purpose AI models with systemic risk"
canonical: "https://dposchool.com/ai-act/article/51"
source: "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_51"
source_note: "Source: Regulation (EU) 2024/1689, OJ L, 2024/1689, 12.7.2024; articles and annexes from the consolidated text 02024R1689-20260727. Only the text published in the Official Journal is authentic. © European Union, https://eur-lex.europa.eu"
text_as_of: "2026-07-27"
language: "en"
publisher: "DPO School"
---

Art. 51 AI Act · Chapter V: GENERAL-PURPOSE AI MODELS · Section 1: Classification rules

# Article 51 AI Act: Classification of general-purpose AI models as general-purpose AI models with systemic risk

Consolidated text of 27 July 2026. Retrieved 30 October 2026.

## Official text

### Article 51(1)

**1.** A general-purpose AI model shall be classified as a general-purpose AI model with systemic risk if it meets any of the following conditions:

#### Article 51(1)(a)

**(a)** it has high impact capabilities evaluated on the basis of appropriate technical tools and methodologies, including indicators and benchmarks;

#### Article 51(1)(b)

**(b)** based on a decision of the Commission, ex officio or following a qualified alert from the scientific panel, it has capabilities or an impact equivalent to those set out in point (a) having regard to the criteria set out in Annex XIII.

### Article 51(2)

**2.** A general-purpose AI model shall be presumed to have high impact capabilities pursuant to paragraph 1, point (a), when the cumulative amount of computation used for its training measured in floating point operations is greater than 1025.

### Article 51(3)

**3.** The Commission shall adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 97 to amend the thresholds listed in paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article, as well as to supplement benchmarks and indicators in light of evolving technological developments, such as algorithmic improvements or increased hardware efficiency, when necessary, for these thresholds to reflect the state of the art.

## Source

Source: Regulation (EU) 2024/1689, OJ L, 2024/1689, 12.7.2024; articles and annexes from the consolidated text 02024R1689-20260727. Only the text published in the Official Journal is authentic. © European Union, https://eur-lex.europa.eu

[Article 51 on EUR-Lex](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_51)

Consolidated text of 27 July 2026. Retrieved 30 October 2026.

This is reference material, not legal advice.

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[AI Act Navigator](https://dposchool.com/ai-act) / [Chapter V](https://dposchool.com/ai-act/chapter/5) / Article 51

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