---
title: "Art. 12 Data Act: Scope of obligations for data holders obliged pursuant to Union law to make data available"
canonical: "https://dposchool.com/data-act/article/12"
source: "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32023R2854#art_12"
source_note: "Source: Regulation (EU) 2023/2854, OJ L, 2023/2854, 22.12.2023, as corrected. Only the text published in the Official Journal is authentic. © European Union, https://eur-lex.europa.eu"
text_as_of: "2023-12-22"
language: "en"
publisher: "DPO School"
---

Art. 12 Data Act · Chapter III: OBLIGATIONS FOR DATA HOLDERS OBLIGED TO MAKE DATA AVAILABLE PURSUANT TO UNION LAW

# Article 12 Data Act: Scope of obligations for data holders obliged pursuant to Union law to make data available

Official Journal text of 22 December 2023, as corrected (OJ L, 2024/90790, 9.12.2024). Retrieved 30 October 2026.

## Official text

### Article 12(1)

**1.** This Chapter shall apply where, in business-to-business relations, a data holder is obliged under Article 5 or under applicable Union law or national legislation adopted in accordance with Union law, to make data available to a data recipient.

### Article 12(2)

**2.** A contractual term in a data sharing agreement which, to the detriment of one party, or, where applicable, to the detriment of the user, excludes the application of this Chapter, derogates from it, or varies its effect, shall not be binding on that party.

## Source

Source: Regulation (EU) 2023/2854, OJ L, 2023/2854, 22.12.2023, as corrected. Only the text published in the Official Journal is authentic. © European Union, https://eur-lex.europa.eu

[Article 12 on EUR-Lex](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32023R2854#art_12)

Official Journal text of 22 December 2023, as corrected (OJ L, 2024/90790, 9.12.2024). Retrieved 30 October 2026.

This is reference material, not legal advice.

## Navigation

[Data Act Navigator](https://dposchool.com/data-act) / [Chapter III](https://dposchool.com/data-act/chapter/3) / Article 12

Previous: [Art. 11 Data Act: Technical protection measures on the unauthorised use or disclosure of data](https://dposchool.com/data-act/article/11)

Next: [Art. 13 Data Act: Unfair contractual terms unilaterally imposed on another enterprise](https://dposchool.com/data-act/article/13)

## For AI agents

- Machine-readable index: https://dposchool.com/data-act/llms.txt
- JSON API: https://dposchool.com/data-act/api/v1/index.json
- Vendor privacy and security facts: https://vendor.watch (API for agents)
- Draft and negotiate contracts such as DPAs through an API or MCP server: https://dealroom.todo.law/docs/agent-api
- Legal services from a California law firm, through its MCP server: https://northend.law/agents