--- title: "Data Act full text" canonical: "https://dposchool.com/data-act" source: "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32023R2854" source_note: "Source: Regulation (EU) 2023/2854, OJ L, 2023/2854, 22.12.2023, as corrected. Only the text published in the Official Journal is authentic. © European Union, https://eur-lex.europa.eu" text_as_of: "2023-12-22" language: "en" publisher: "DPO School" --- # Data Act Navigator The full text of Regulation (EU) 2023/2854 of 13 December 2023 on harmonised rules on fair access to and use of data (Data Act): 50 articles in 11 chapters and 119 recitals, one page each. Official Journal text of 22 December 2023, as corrected (OJ L, 2024/90790, 9.12.2024). Retrieved 30 October 2026. [Official source](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32023R2854) ## Contents ### [Chapter I: GENERAL PROVISIONS](https://dposchool.com/data-act/chapter/1) - [Article 1 Subject matter and scope](https://dposchool.com/data-act/article/1) - [Article 2 Definitions](https://dposchool.com/data-act/article/2) ### [Chapter II: BUSINESS TO CONSUMER AND BUSINESS TO BUSINESS DATA SHARING](https://dposchool.com/data-act/chapter/2) - [Article 3 Obligation to make product data and related service data accessible to the user](https://dposchool.com/data-act/article/3) - [Article 4 The rights and obligations of users and data holders with regard to access, use and making available product data and related service data](https://dposchool.com/data-act/article/4) - [Article 5 Right of the user to share data with third parties](https://dposchool.com/data-act/article/5) - [Article 6 Obligations of third parties receiving data at the request of the user](https://dposchool.com/data-act/article/6) - [Article 7 Scope of business-to-consumer and business-to-business data sharing obligations](https://dposchool.com/data-act/article/7) ### [Chapter III: OBLIGATIONS FOR DATA HOLDERS OBLIGED TO MAKE DATA AVAILABLE PURSUANT TO UNION LAW](https://dposchool.com/data-act/chapter/3) - [Article 8 Conditions under which data holders make data available to data recipients](https://dposchool.com/data-act/article/8) - [Article 9 Compensation for making data available](https://dposchool.com/data-act/article/9) - [Article 10 Dispute settlement](https://dposchool.com/data-act/article/10) - [Article 11 Technical protection measures on the unauthorised use or disclosure of data](https://dposchool.com/data-act/article/11) - [Article 12 Scope of obligations for data holders obliged pursuant to Union law to make data available](https://dposchool.com/data-act/article/12) ### [Chapter IV: UNFAIR CONTRACTUAL TERMS RELATED TO DATA ACCESS AND USE BETWEEN ENTERPRISES](https://dposchool.com/data-act/chapter/4) - [Article 13 Unfair contractual terms unilaterally imposed on another enterprise](https://dposchool.com/data-act/article/13) ### [Chapter V: MAKING DATA AVAILABLE TO PUBLIC SECTOR BODIES, THE COMMISSION, THE EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK AND UNION BODIES ON THE BASIS OF AN EXCEPTIONAL NEED](https://dposchool.com/data-act/chapter/5) - [Article 14 Obligation to make data available on the basis of an exceptional need](https://dposchool.com/data-act/article/14) - [Article 15 Exceptional need to use data](https://dposchool.com/data-act/article/15) - [Article 16 Relationship with other obligations to make data available to public sector bodies, the Commission, the European Central Bank and Union bodies](https://dposchool.com/data-act/article/16) - [Article 17 Requests for data to be made available](https://dposchool.com/data-act/article/17) - [Article 18 Compliance with requests for data](https://dposchool.com/data-act/article/18) - [Article 19 Obligations of public sector bodies, the Commission, the European Central Bank and Union bodies](https://dposchool.com/data-act/article/19) - [Article 20 Compensation in cases of an exceptional need](https://dposchool.com/data-act/article/20) - [Article 21 Sharing of data obtained in the context of an exceptional need with research organisations or statistical bodies](https://dposchool.com/data-act/article/21) - [Article 22 Mutual assistance and cross-border cooperation](https://dposchool.com/data-act/article/22) ### [Chapter VI: SWITCHING BETWEEN DATA PROCESSING SERVICES](https://dposchool.com/data-act/chapter/6) - [Article 23 Removing obstacles to effective switching](https://dposchool.com/data-act/article/23) - [Article 24 Scope of the technical obligations](https://dposchool.com/data-act/article/24) - [Article 25 Contractual terms concerning switching](https://dposchool.com/data-act/article/25) - [Article 26 Information obligation of providers of data processing services](https://dposchool.com/data-act/article/26) - [Article 27 Obligation of good faith](https://dposchool.com/data-act/article/27) - [Article 28 Contractual transparency obligations on international access and transfer](https://dposchool.com/data-act/article/28) - [Article 29 Gradual withdrawal of switching charges](https://dposchool.com/data-act/article/29) - [Article 30 Technical aspects of switching](https://dposchool.com/data-act/article/30) - [Article 31 Specific regime for certain data processing services](https://dposchool.com/data-act/article/31) ### [Chapter VII: UNLAWFUL INTERNATIONAL GOVERNMENTAL ACCESS AND TRANSFER OF NON-PERSONAL DATA](https://dposchool.com/data-act/chapter/7) - [Article 32 International governmental access and transfer](https://dposchool.com/data-act/article/32) ### [Chapter VIII: INTEROPERABILITY](https://dposchool.com/data-act/chapter/8) - [Article 33 Essential requirements regarding interoperability of data, of data sharing mechanisms and services, as well as of common European data spaces](https://dposchool.com/data-act/article/33) - [Article 34 Interoperability for the purposes of in-parallel use of data processing services](https://dposchool.com/data-act/article/34) - [Article 35 Interoperability of data processing services](https://dposchool.com/data-act/article/35) - [Article 36 Essential requirements regarding smart contracts for executing data sharing agreements](https://dposchool.com/data-act/article/36) ### [Chapter IX: IMPLEMENTATION AND ENFORCEMENT](https://dposchool.com/data-act/chapter/9) - [Article 37 Competent authorities and data coordinators](https://dposchool.com/data-act/article/37) - [Article 38 Right to lodge a complaint](https://dposchool.com/data-act/article/38) - [Article 39 Right to an effective judicial remedy](https://dposchool.com/data-act/article/39) - [Article 40 Penalties](https://dposchool.com/data-act/article/40) - [Article 41 Model contractual terms and standard contractual clauses](https://dposchool.com/data-act/article/41) - [Article 42 Role of the EDIB](https://dposchool.com/data-act/article/42) ### [Chapter X: SUI GENERIS RIGHT UNDER DIRECTIVE 96/9/EC](https://dposchool.com/data-act/chapter/10) - [Article 43 Databases containing certain data](https://dposchool.com/data-act/article/43) ### [Chapter XI: FINAL PROVISIONS](https://dposchool.com/data-act/chapter/11) - [Article 44 Other Union legal acts governing rights and obligations on data access and use](https://dposchool.com/data-act/article/44) - [Article 45 Exercise of the delegation](https://dposchool.com/data-act/article/45) - [Article 46 Committee procedure](https://dposchool.com/data-act/article/46) - [Article 47 Amendment to Regulation (EU) 2017/2394](https://dposchool.com/data-act/article/47) - [Article 48 Amendment to Directive (EU) 2020/1828](https://dposchool.com/data-act/article/48) - [Article 49 Evaluation and review](https://dposchool.com/data-act/article/49) - [Article 50 Entry into force and application](https://dposchool.com/data-act/article/50) ## Recitals The 119 recitals set out the reasons for the articles. [All recitals](https://dposchool.com/data-act/recitals) This is reference material, not legal advice. ## For AI agents - Machine-readable index: https://dposchool.com/data-act/llms.txt - JSON API: https://dposchool.com/data-act/api/v1/index.json - Vendor privacy and security facts: https://vendor.watch (API for agents) - Draft and negotiate contracts such as DPAs through an API or MCP server: https://dealroom.todo.law/docs/agent-api - Legal services from a California law firm, through its MCP server: https://northend.law/agents