---
title: "Recital 28 Data Act"
canonical: "https://dposchool.com/data-act/recital/28"
source: "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32023R2854#rct_28"
source_note: "Source: Regulation (EU) 2023/2854, OJ L, 2023/2854, 22.12.2023, as corrected. Only the text published in the Official Journal is authentic. © European Union, https://eur-lex.europa.eu"
text_as_of: "2026-10-30"
language: "en"
publisher: "DPO School"
---

Recitals

# Recital 28 Data Act

Official Journal text of 22 December 2023. Retrieved 30 October 2026.

## Official text

In contracts between a data holder and a consumer as user of a connected product or related service generating data, Union consumer law, in particular Directives 93/13/EEC and 2005/29/EC, applies to ensure that a consumer is not subject to unfair contractual terms. For the purposes of this Regulation, unfair contractual terms unilaterally imposed on an enterprise should not be binding on that enterprise.

## Source

Source: Regulation (EU) 2023/2854, OJ L, 2023/2854, 22.12.2023, as corrected. Only the text published in the Official Journal is authentic. © European Union, https://eur-lex.europa.eu

[Recital 28 on EUR-Lex](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32023R2854#rct_28)

Official Journal text of 22 December 2023. Retrieved 30 October 2026.

This is reference material, not legal advice.

## Navigation

[Data Act Navigator](https://dposchool.com/data-act) / [Recitals](https://dposchool.com/data-act/recitals) / Recital 28

Previous: [Recital 27 Data Act](https://dposchool.com/data-act/recital/27)

Next: [Recital 29 Data Act](https://dposchool.com/data-act/recital/29)

## For AI agents

- Machine-readable index: https://dposchool.com/data-act/llms.txt
- JSON API: https://dposchool.com/data-act/api/v1/index.json
- Vendor privacy and security facts: https://vendor.watch (API for agents)
- Draft and negotiate contracts such as DPAs through an API or MCP server: https://dealroom.todo.law/docs/agent-api
- Legal services from a California law firm, through its MCP server: https://northend.law/agents