{"type":"article","id":"article-6","number":6,"title":"Lawfulness of processing","heading":"Article 6: Lawfulness of processing","url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/article/6","officialUrl":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32016R0679#art_6","chapter":{"number":2,"roman":"II","title":"Principles","url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/chapter/2"},"section":null,"text":"1. Processing shall be lawful only if and to the extent that at least one of the following applies:\n(a) the data subject has given consent to the processing of his or her personal data for one or more specific purposes;\n(b) processing is necessary for the performance of a contract to which the data subject is party or in order to take steps at the request of the data subject prior to entering into a contract;\n(c) processing is necessary for compliance with a legal obligation to which the controller is subject;\n(d) processing is necessary in order to protect the vital interests of the data subject or of another natural person;\n(e) processing is necessary for the performance of a task carried out in the public interest or in the exercise of official authority vested in the controller;\n(f) processing is necessary for the purposes of the legitimate interests pursued by the controller or by a third party, except where such interests are overridden by the interests or fundamental rights and freedoms of the data subject which require protection of personal data, in particular where the data subject is a child.\nPoint (f) of the first subparagraph shall not apply to processing carried out by public authorities in the performance of their tasks.\n2. Member States may maintain or introduce more specific provisions to adapt the application of the rules of this Regulation with regard to processing for compliance with points (c) and (e) of paragraph 1 by determining more precisely specific requirements for the processing and other measures to ensure lawful and fair processing including for other specific processing situations as provided for in Chapter IX.\n3. The basis for the processing referred to in point (c) and (e) of paragraph 1 shall be laid down by:\n(a) Union law; or\n(b) Member State law to which the controller is subject.\nThe purpose of the processing shall be determined in that legal basis or, as regards the processing referred to in point (e) of paragraph 1, shall be necessary for the performance of a task carried out in the public interest or in the exercise of official authority vested in the controller. That legal basis may contain specific provisions to adapt the application of rules of this Regulation, inter alia: the general conditions governing the lawfulness of processing by the controller; the types of data which are subject to the processing; the data subjects concerned; the entities to, and the purposes for which, the personal data may be disclosed; the purpose limitation; storage periods; and processing operations and processing procedures, including measures to ensure lawful and fair processing such as those for other specific processing situations as provided for in Chapter IX. The Union or the Member State law shall meet an objective of public interest and be proportionate to the legitimate aim pursued.\n4. Where the processing for a purpose other than that for which the personal data have been collected is not based on the data subject's consent or on a Union or Member State law which constitutes a necessary and proportionate measure in a democratic society to safeguard the objectives referred to in Article 23(1), the controller shall, in order to ascertain whether processing for another purpose is compatible with the purpose for which the personal data are initially collected, take into account, inter alia:\n(a) any link between the purposes for which the personal data have been collected and the purposes of the intended further processing;\n(b) the context in which the personal data have been collected, in particular regarding the relationship between data subjects and the controller;\n(c) the nature of the personal data, in particular whether special categories of personal data are processed, pursuant to Article 9, or whether personal data related to criminal convictions and offences are processed, pursuant to Article 10;\n(d) the possible consequences of the intended further processing for data subjects;\n(e) the existence of appropriate safeguards, which may include encryption or pseudonymisation.","paragraphs":[{"number":"1","anchor":"1","blocks":[{"type":"text","text":"Processing shall be lawful only if and to the extent that at least one of the following applies:"},{"type":"point","label":"(a)","anchor":"1-a","blocks":[{"type":"text","text":"the data subject has given consent to the processing of his or her personal data for one or more specific purposes;"}]},{"type":"point","label":"(b)","anchor":"1-b","blocks":[{"type":"text","text":"processing is necessary for the performance of a contract to which the data subject is party or in order to take steps at the request of the data subject prior to entering into a contract;"}]},{"type":"point","label":"(c)","anchor":"1-c","blocks":[{"type":"text","text":"processing is necessary for compliance with a legal obligation to which the controller is subject;"}]},{"type":"point","label":"(d)","anchor":"1-d","blocks":[{"type":"text","text":"processing is necessary in order to protect the vital interests of the data subject or of another natural person;"}]},{"type":"point","label":"(e)","anchor":"1-e","blocks":[{"type":"text","text":"processing is necessary for the performance of a task carried out in the public interest or in the exercise of official authority vested in the controller;"}]},{"type":"point","label":"(f)","anchor":"1-f","blocks":[{"type":"text","text":"processing is necessary for the purposes of the legitimate interests pursued by the controller or by a third party, except where such interests are overridden by the interests or fundamental rights and freedoms of the data subject which require protection of personal data, in particular where the data subject is a child."}]},{"type":"text","text":"Point (f) of the first subparagraph shall not apply to processing carried out by public authorities in the performance of their tasks."}]},{"number":"2","anchor":"2","blocks":[{"type":"text","text":"Member States may maintain or introduce more specific provisions to adapt the application of the rules of this Regulation with regard to processing for compliance with points (c) and (e) of paragraph 1 by determining more precisely specific requirements for the processing and other measures to ensure lawful and fair processing including for other specific processing situations as provided for in Chapter IX."}]},{"number":"3","anchor":"3","blocks":[{"type":"text","text":"The basis for the processing referred to in point (c) and (e) of paragraph 1 shall be laid down by:"},{"type":"point","label":"(a)","anchor":"3-a","blocks":[{"type":"text","text":"Union law; or"}]},{"type":"point","label":"(b)","anchor":"3-b","blocks":[{"type":"text","text":"Member State law to which the controller is subject."}]},{"type":"text","text":"The purpose of the processing shall be determined in that legal basis or, as regards the processing referred to in point (e) of paragraph 1, shall be necessary for the performance of a task carried out in the public interest or in the exercise of official authority vested in the controller. That legal basis may contain specific provisions to adapt the application of rules of this Regulation, inter alia: the general conditions governing the lawfulness of processing by the controller; the types of data which are subject to the processing; the data subjects concerned; the entities to, and the purposes for which, the personal data may be disclosed; the purpose limitation; storage periods; and processing operations and processing procedures, including measures to ensure lawful and fair processing such as those for other specific processing situations as provided for in Chapter IX. The Union or the Member State law shall meet an objective of public interest and be proportionate to the legitimate aim pursued."}]},{"number":"4","anchor":"4","blocks":[{"type":"text","text":"Where the processing for a purpose other than that for which the personal data have been collected is not based on the data subject's consent or on a Union or Member State law which constitutes a necessary and proportionate measure in a democratic society to safeguard the objectives referred to in Article 23(1), the controller shall, in order to ascertain whether processing for another purpose is compatible with the purpose for which the personal data are initially collected, take into account, inter alia:"},{"type":"point","label":"(a)","anchor":"4-a","blocks":[{"type":"text","text":"any link between the purposes for which the personal data have been collected and the purposes of the intended further processing;"}]},{"type":"point","label":"(b)","anchor":"4-b","blocks":[{"type":"text","text":"the context in which the personal data have been collected, in particular regarding the relationship between data subjects and the controller;"}]},{"type":"point","label":"(c)","anchor":"4-c","blocks":[{"type":"text","text":"the nature of the personal data, in particular whether special categories of personal data are processed, pursuant to Article 9, or whether personal data related to criminal convictions and offences are processed, pursuant to Article 10;"}]},{"type":"point","label":"(d)","anchor":"4-d","blocks":[{"type":"text","text":"the possible consequences of the intended further processing for data subjects;"}]},{"type":"point","label":"(e)","anchor":"4-e","blocks":[{"type":"text","text":"the existence of appropriate safeguards, which may include encryption or pseudonymisation."}]}]}],"anchors":["1","1-a","1-b","1-c","1-d","1-e","1-f","2","3","3-a","3-b","4","4-a","4-b","4-c","4-d","4-e"],"notes":[],"summary":{"text":"Processing is lawful only if at least one of six grounds applies: consent, contract, legal obligation, vital interests, public interest or official authority, or legitimate interests. The article also sets out how Union or Member State law can lay down a basis for processing, and what the controller must take into account when data are processed for a new purpose without consent or such a law.","official":false,"status":"needs-review"},"related":{"recitals":[{"number":40,"url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/recital/40","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/recitals/40.json"},{"number":41,"url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/recital/41","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/recitals/41.json"},{"number":42,"url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/recital/42","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/recitals/42.json"},{"number":43,"url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/recital/43","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/recitals/43.json"},{"number":44,"url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/recital/44","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/recitals/44.json"},{"number":45,"url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/recital/45","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/recitals/45.json"},{"number":46,"url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/recital/46","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/recitals/46.json"},{"number":47,"url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/recital/47","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/recitals/47.json"},{"number":48,"url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/recital/48","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/recitals/48.json"},{"number":49,"url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/recital/49","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/recitals/49.json"},{"number":50,"url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/recital/50","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/recitals/50.json"}],"status":"needs-review","references":[{"kind":"cjeu-case","id":"C-474/24","name":"AR and Others v Österreichische Datenschutzbehörde and Others","ecli":"ECLI:EU:C:2026:579","judgmentDate":"2026-07-14","group":"gdpr","url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/case/c-474-24","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/cases/c-474-24.json","review":"reviewed"},{"kind":"cjeu-case","id":"C-484/24","name":"NTH Haustechnik GmbH v EM","ecli":"ECLI:EU:C:2026:496","judgmentDate":"2026-06-18","group":"gdpr","url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/case/c-484-24","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/cases/c-484-24.json","review":"reviewed"},{"kind":"cjeu-case","id":"C-394/23","name":"Mousse v Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés (CNIL) and SNCF Connect","ecli":"ECLI:EU:C:2025:2","judgmentDate":"2025-01-09","group":"gdpr","url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/case/c-394-23","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/cases/c-394-23.json","review":"reviewed"},{"kind":"cjeu-case","id":"C-65/23","name":"MK v K GmbH","ecli":"ECLI:EU:C:2024:1051","judgmentDate":"2024-12-19","group":"gdpr","url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/case/c-65-23","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/cases/c-65-23.json","review":"reviewed"},{"kind":"cjeu-case","id":"C-621/22","name":"Koninklijke Nederlandse Lawn Tennisbond v Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens","ecli":"ECLI:EU:C:2024:858","judgmentDate":"2024-10-04","group":"gdpr","url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/case/c-621-22","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/cases/c-621-22.json","review":"reviewed"},{"kind":"cjeu-case","id":"C-17/22","name":"HTB Neunte Immobilien Portfolio and Ökorenta Neue Energien Ökostabil IV","ecli":"ECLI:EU:C:2024:738","judgmentDate":"2024-09-12","group":"gdpr","url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/case/c-17-22","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/cases/c-17-22.json","review":"reviewed"},{"kind":"cjeu-case","id":"C-667/21","name":"ZQ v Medizinischer Dienst der Krankenversicherung Nordrhein, Körperschaft des öffentlichen Rechts","ecli":"ECLI:EU:C:2023:1022","judgmentDate":"2023-12-21","group":"gdpr","url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/case/c-667-21","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/cases/c-667-21.json","review":"reviewed"},{"kind":"cjeu-case","id":"C-26/22","name":"UF and AB v Land Hessen","ecli":"ECLI:EU:C:2023:958","judgmentDate":"2023-12-07","group":"gdpr","url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/case/c-26-22","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/cases/c-26-22.json","review":"reviewed"},{"kind":"cjeu-case","id":"C-634/21","name":"OQ v Land Hessen","ecli":"ECLI:EU:C:2023:957","judgmentDate":"2023-12-07","group":"gdpr","url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/case/c-634-21","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/cases/c-634-21.json","review":"reviewed"},{"kind":"cjeu-case","id":"C-319/22","name":"Gesamtverband Autoteile-Handel e.V. v Scania CV AB","ecli":"ECLI:EU:C:2023:837","judgmentDate":"2023-11-09","group":"gdpr","url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/case/c-319-22","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/cases/c-319-22.json","review":"reviewed"},{"kind":"cjeu-case","id":"C-252/21","name":"Meta Platforms Inc and Others v Bundeskartellamt","ecli":"ECLI:EU:C:2023:537","judgmentDate":"2023-07-04","group":"gdpr","url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/case/c-252-21","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/cases/c-252-21.json","review":"reviewed"},{"kind":"cjeu-case","id":"C-34/21","name":"Hauptpersonalrat der Lehrerinnen und Lehrer beim Hessischen Kultusministerium v Minister des Hessischen Kultusministeriums","ecli":"ECLI:EU:C:2023:270","judgmentDate":"2023-03-30","group":"gdpr","url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/case/c-34-21","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/cases/c-34-21.json","review":"reviewed"},{"kind":"cjeu-case","id":"C-268/21","name":"Norra Stockholm Bygg AB v Per Nycander AB","ecli":"ECLI:EU:C:2023:145","judgmentDate":"2023-03-02","group":"gdpr","url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/case/c-268-21","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/cases/c-268-21.json","review":"reviewed"},{"kind":"cjeu-case","id":"C-77/21","name":"Digi Távközlési és Szolgáltató Kft. v Nemzeti Adatvédelmi és Információszabadság Hatóság","ecli":"ECLI:EU:C:2022:805","judgmentDate":"2022-10-20","group":"gdpr","url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/case/c-77-21","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/cases/c-77-21.json","review":"reviewed"},{"kind":"cjeu-case","id":"C-184/20","name":"OT v Vyriausioji tarnybinės etikos komisija","ecli":"ECLI:EU:C:2022:601","judgmentDate":"2022-08-01","group":"gdpr","url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/case/c-184-20","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/cases/c-184-20.json","review":"reviewed"},{"kind":"cjeu-case","id":"C-175/20","name":"SIA 'SS' v Valsts ieņēmumu dienests","ecli":"ECLI:EU:C:2022:124","judgmentDate":"2022-02-24","group":"gdpr","url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/case/c-175-20","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/cases/c-175-20.json","review":"reviewed"},{"kind":"cjeu-case","id":"C-439/19","name":"Proceedings brought by B","ecli":"ECLI:EU:C:2021:504","judgmentDate":"2021-06-22","group":"gdpr","url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/case/c-439-19","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/cases/c-439-19.json","review":"reviewed"},{"kind":"cjeu-case","id":"C-61/19","name":"Orange Romania SA v Autoritatea Naţională de Supraveghere a Prelucrării Datelor cu Caracter Personal (ANSPDCP)","ecli":"ECLI:EU:C:2020:901","judgmentDate":"2020-11-11","group":"gdpr","url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/case/c-61-19","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/cases/c-61-19.json","review":"reviewed"},{"kind":"cjeu-case","id":"C-597/19","name":"Mircom International Content Management & Consulting (M.I.C.M.) Limited v Telenet BVBA","ecli":"ECLI:EU:C:2021:492","judgmentDate":"2021-06-17","group":"related","url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/case/c-597-19","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/cases/c-597-19.json","review":"reviewed"},{"kind":"cjeu-case","id":"C-673/17","name":"Bundesverband der Verbraucherzentralen und Verbraucherverbände - Verbraucherzentrale Bundesverband e.V. v Planet49 GmbH","ecli":"ECLI:EU:C:2019:801","judgmentDate":"2019-10-01","group":"related","url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/case/c-673-17","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/cases/c-673-17.json","review":"reviewed"},{"kind":"cjeu-case","id":"C-40/17","name":"Fashion ID GmbH & Co.KG v Verbraucherzentrale NRW eV","ecli":"ECLI:EU:C:2019:629","judgmentDate":"2019-07-29","group":"related","url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/case/c-40-17","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/cases/c-40-17.json","review":"reviewed"},{"kind":"cjeu-case","id":"C-582/14","name":"Patrick Breyer v Bundesrepublik Deutschland","ecli":"ECLI:EU:C:2016:779","judgmentDate":"2016-10-19","group":"related","url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/case/c-582-14","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/cases/c-582-14.json","review":"reviewed"},{"kind":"edpb-guideline","id":"EDPB 03/2025","title":"Guidelines 3/2025 on the interplay between the DSA and the GDPR","status":"final","adoptedDate":"2025-09-12","finalDate":"2026-09-17","url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/guidance/edpb-03-2025","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/guidance/edpb-03-2025.json","review":"reviewed"},{"kind":"edpb-guideline","id":"EDPB 03/2026","title":"Guidelines 03/2026 on web scraping in the context of generative AI","status":"draft for consultation","adoptedDate":"2026-07-08","finalDate":null,"url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/guidance/edpb-03-2026","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/guidance/edpb-03-2026.json","review":"reviewed"},{"kind":"edpb-guideline","id":"EDPB Rec 02/2025","title":"Recommendations 2/2025 on the legal basis for requiring the creation of user accounts on e-commerce websites","status":"draft for consultation","adoptedDate":"2025-12-04","finalDate":null,"url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/guidance/edpb-rec-02-2025","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/guidance/edpb-rec-02-2025.json","review":"reviewed"},{"kind":"edpb-guideline","id":"EDPB-COM DMA/GDPR","title":"Joint Guidelines (European Commission and EDPB) on the interplay between the Digital Markets Act and the GDPR","status":"draft for consultation","adoptedDate":"2025-10-09","finalDate":null,"url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/guidance/edpb-com-dma-gdpr","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/guidance/edpb-com-dma-gdpr.json","review":"reviewed"},{"kind":"edpb-guideline","id":"EDPB 02/2024","title":"Guidelines 02/2024 on Article 48 GDPR","status":"final","adoptedDate":"2024-12-03","finalDate":"2025-06-05","url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/guidance/edpb-02-2024","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/guidance/edpb-02-2024.json","review":"reviewed"},{"kind":"edpb-guideline","id":"EDPB Opinion 28/2024","title":"Opinion 28/2024 on certain data protection aspects related to the processing of personal data in the context of AI models","status":"final","adoptedDate":"2024-12-18","finalDate":"2024-12-18","url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/guidance/edpb-opinion-28-2024","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/guidance/edpb-opinion-28-2024.json","review":"reviewed"},{"kind":"edpb-guideline","id":"EDPB 01/2024","title":"Guidelines 1/2024 on processing of personal data based on Article 6(1)(f) GDPR","status":"draft for consultation","adoptedDate":"2024-10-09","finalDate":null,"url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/guidance/edpb-01-2024","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/guidance/edpb-01-2024.json","review":"reviewed"},{"kind":"edpb-guideline","id":"EDPB 02/2021","title":"Guidelines 02/2021 on virtual voice assistants","status":"final","adoptedDate":"2021-03-12","finalDate":"2021-07-07","url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/guidance/edpb-02-2021","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/guidance/edpb-02-2021.json","review":"reviewed"},{"kind":"edpb-guideline","id":"EDPB Rec 02/2021","title":"Recommendations 02/2021 on the legal basis for the storage of credit card data for the sole purpose of facilitating further online transactions","status":"final","adoptedDate":"2021-05-19","finalDate":"2021-05-19","url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/guidance/edpb-rec-02-2021","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/guidance/edpb-rec-02-2021.json","review":"reviewed"},{"kind":"edpb-guideline","id":"EDPB 08/2020","title":"Guidelines 8/2020 on the targeting of social media users","status":"final","adoptedDate":"2020-09-07","finalDate":"2021-04-13","url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/guidance/edpb-08-2020","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/guidance/edpb-08-2020.json","review":"reviewed"},{"kind":"edpb-guideline","id":"EDPB 01/2020","title":"Guidelines 01/2020 on processing personal data in the context of connected vehicles and mobility related applications","status":"final","adoptedDate":"2020-02-07","finalDate":"2021-03-09","url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/guidance/edpb-01-2020","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/guidance/edpb-01-2020.json","review":"reviewed"},{"kind":"edpb-guideline","id":"EDPB 06/2020","title":"Guidelines 06/2020 on the interplay of the Second Payment Services Directive and the GDPR","status":"final","adoptedDate":"2020-07-22","finalDate":"2020-12-15","url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/guidance/edpb-06-2020","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/guidance/edpb-06-2020.json","review":"reviewed"},{"kind":"edpb-guideline","id":"EDPB 05/2020","title":"Guidelines 05/2020 on consent under Regulation 2016/679","status":"final","adoptedDate":"2020-05-04","finalDate":"2020-05-04","url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/guidance/edpb-05-2020","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/guidance/edpb-05-2020.json","review":"reviewed"},{"kind":"edpb-guideline","id":"EDPB 04/2020","title":"Guidelines 04/2020 on the use of location data and contact tracing tools in the context of the COVID-19 outbreak","status":"final","adoptedDate":"2020-04-21","finalDate":"2020-04-21","url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/guidance/edpb-04-2020","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/guidance/edpb-04-2020.json","review":"reviewed"},{"kind":"edpb-guideline","id":"EDPB 03/2019","title":"Guidelines 3/2019 on processing of personal data through video devices","status":"final","adoptedDate":"2019-07-12","finalDate":"2020-01-30","url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/guidance/edpb-03-2019","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/guidance/edpb-03-2019.json","review":"reviewed"},{"kind":"edpb-guideline","id":"EDPB 02/2019","title":"Guidelines 2/2019 on the processing of personal data under Article 6(1)(b) GDPR in the context of the provision of online services to data subjects","status":"final","adoptedDate":"2019-04-12","finalDate":"2019-10-16","url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/guidance/edpb-02-2019","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/guidance/edpb-02-2019.json","review":"reviewed"},{"kind":"fine","id":"dt-xandr-2026-10","organisation":"Xandr Inc.","authority":"Datatilsynet (Norwegian Data Protection Authority)","country":"Norway","date":"2026-10-02","dateBasis":"decision","amount":{"currency":"NOK","amount":"92,000,000"},"appealStatus":"unknown","url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/fine/dt-xandr-2026-10","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/fines/dt-xandr-2026-10.json","review":"reviewed"},{"kind":"fine","id":"ap-experian-2025-10","organisation":"Experian Nederland B.V.","authority":"Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens (Dutch Data Protection Authority)","country":"Netherlands","date":"2025-10-16","dateBasis":"decision","amount":{"currency":"EUR","amount":"2,700,000"},"appealStatus":"not appealed","url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/fine/ap-experian-2025-10","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/fines/ap-experian-2025-10.json","review":"reviewed"},{"kind":"fine","id":"garante-luka-replika-2025-04","organisation":"Luka Inc.","authority":"Garante per la protezione dei dati personali","country":"Italy","date":"2025-04-10","dateBasis":"decision","amount":{"currency":"EUR","amount":"5,000,000"},"appealStatus":"unknown","url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/fine/garante-luka-replika-2025-04","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/fines/garante-luka-replika-2025-04.json","review":"reviewed"},{"kind":"fine","id":"fi-posti-2024-11","organisation":"Posti","authority":"Tietosuojavaltuutetun toimisto (Office of the Data Protection Ombudsman, Finland)","country":"Finland","date":"2024-11-13","dateBasis":"decision","amount":{"currency":"EUR","amount":"2,400,000"},"appealStatus":"unknown","url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/fine/fi-posti-2024-11","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/fines/fi-posti-2024-11.json","review":"reviewed"},{"kind":"fine","id":"garante-foodinho-2024-11","organisation":"Foodinho s.r.l.","authority":"Garante per la protezione dei dati personali","country":"Italy","date":"2024-11-13","dateBasis":"decision","amount":{"currency":"EUR","amount":"5,000,000"},"appealStatus":"unknown","url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/fine/garante-foodinho-2024-11","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/fines/garante-foodinho-2024-11.json","review":"reviewed"},{"kind":"fine","id":"dpc-linkedin-2024-10","organisation":"LinkedIn Ireland Unlimited Company","authority":"Data Protection Commission (Ireland)","country":"Ireland","date":"2024-10-22","dateBasis":"decision","amount":{"currency":"EUR","amount":"310,000,000"},"appealStatus":"under appeal","url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/fine/dpc-linkedin-2024-10","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/fines/dpc-linkedin-2024-10.json","review":"reviewed"},{"kind":"fine","id":"ap-clearview-2024-05","organisation":"Clearview AI Inc.","authority":"Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens (Dutch Data Protection Authority)","country":"Netherlands","date":"2024-05-16","dateBasis":"decision","amount":{"currency":"EUR","amount":"30,500,000"},"appealStatus":"not appealed","url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/fine/ap-clearview-2024-05","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/fines/ap-clearview-2024-05.json","review":"reviewed"},{"kind":"fine","id":"uoou-avast-2024-04","organisation":"Avast Software s.r.o.","authority":"Office for Personal Data Protection (Úřad pro ochranu osobních údajů, ÚOOÚ)","country":"Czech Republic","date":"2024-04-10","dateBasis":"decision","amount":{"currency":"CZK","amount":"351,000,000"},"appealStatus":"upheld","url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/fine/uoou-avast-2024-04","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/fines/uoou-avast-2024-04.json","review":"reviewed"},{"kind":"fine","id":"cnil-amazon-france-logistique-2023-12","organisation":"Amazon France Logistique","authority":"Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés (CNIL)","country":"France","date":"2023-12-27","dateBasis":"decision","amount":{"currency":"EUR","amount":"32,000,000"},"appealStatus":"reduced","url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/fine/cnil-amazon-france-logistique-2023-12","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/fines/cnil-amazon-france-logistique-2023-12.json","review":"reviewed"},{"kind":"fine","id":"azop-eos-matrix-2023-10","organisation":"EOS Matrix d.o.o.","authority":"Croatian Personal Data Protection Agency (Agencija za zaštitu osobnih podataka, AZOP)","country":"Croatia","date":"2023-10-05","dateBasis":"announcement","amount":{"currency":"EUR","amount":"5,470,000"},"appealStatus":"unknown","url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/fine/azop-eos-matrix-2023-10","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/fines/azop-eos-matrix-2023-10.json","review":"reviewed"},{"kind":"fine","id":"dpc-meta-facebook-2022-12","organisation":"Meta Platforms Ireland Limited","authority":"Data Protection Commission (Ireland)","country":"Ireland","date":"2022-12-31","dateBasis":"decision","amount":{"currency":"EUR","amount":"210,000,000"},"appealStatus":"under appeal","url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/fine/dpc-meta-facebook-2022-12","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/fines/dpc-meta-facebook-2022-12.json","review":"reviewed"},{"kind":"fine","id":"dpc-meta-instagram-2022-12","organisation":"Meta Platforms Ireland Limited","authority":"Data Protection Commission (Ireland)","country":"Ireland","date":"2022-12-31","dateBasis":"decision","amount":{"currency":"EUR","amount":"180,000,000"},"appealStatus":"under appeal","url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/fine/dpc-meta-instagram-2022-12","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/fines/dpc-meta-instagram-2022-12.json","review":"reviewed"},{"kind":"fine","id":"cnil-clearview-2022-10","organisation":"Clearview AI","authority":"Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés (CNIL)","country":"France","date":"2022-10-17","dateBasis":"decision","amount":{"currency":"EUR","amount":"20,000,000"},"appealStatus":"unknown","url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/fine/cnil-clearview-2022-10","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/fines/cnil-clearview-2022-10.json","review":"reviewed"},{"kind":"fine","id":"dpc-instagram-2022-09","organisation":"Meta Platforms Ireland Limited","authority":"Data Protection Commission (Ireland)","country":"Ireland","date":"2022-09-02","dateBasis":"decision","amount":{"currency":"EUR","amount":"405,000,000"},"appealStatus":"under appeal","url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/fine/dpc-instagram-2022-09","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/fines/dpc-instagram-2022-09.json","review":"reviewed"},{"kind":"fine","id":"hdpa-clearview-2022-07","organisation":"Clearview AI, Inc","authority":"Hellenic Data Protection Authority","country":"Greece","date":"2022-07-13","dateBasis":"decision","amount":{"currency":"EUR","amount":"20,000,000"},"appealStatus":"unknown","url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/fine/hdpa-clearview-2022-07","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/fines/hdpa-clearview-2022-07.json","review":"reviewed"},{"kind":"fine","id":"aepd-google-2022-05","organisation":"Google LLC","authority":"Agencia Española de Protección de Datos (AEPD)","country":"Spain","date":"2022-05-18","dateBasis":"announcement","amount":{"currency":"EUR","amount":"10,000,000"},"appealStatus":"unknown","url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/fine/aepd-google-2022-05","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/fines/aepd-google-2022-05.json","review":"reviewed"},{"kind":"fine","id":"garante-clearview-2022-02","organisation":"Clearview AI","authority":"Garante per la protezione dei dati personali","country":"Italy","date":"2022-02-10","dateBasis":"decision","amount":{"currency":"EUR","amount":"20,000,000"},"appealStatus":"unknown","url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/fine/garante-clearview-2022-02","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/fines/garante-clearview-2022-02.json","review":"reviewed"},{"kind":"fine","id":"apd-iab-europe-2022-02","organisation":"IAB Europe","authority":"Autorité de protection des données / Gegevensbeschermingsautoriteit (Belgium)","country":"Belgium","date":"2022-02-02","dateBasis":"decision","amount":{"currency":"EUR","amount":"250,000"},"appealStatus":"upheld","url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/fine/apd-iab-europe-2022-02","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/fines/apd-iab-europe-2022-02.json","review":"reviewed"},{"kind":"fine","id":"dt-grindr-2021-12","organisation":"Grindr LLC","authority":"Datatilsynet (Norwegian Data Protection Authority)","country":"Norway","date":"2021-12-13","dateBasis":"decision","amount":{"currency":"NOK","amount":"65,000,000"},"appealStatus":"upheld","url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/fine/dt-grindr-2021-12","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/fines/dt-grindr-2021-12.json","review":"reviewed"},{"kind":"fine","id":"aepd-caixabank-2021-01","organisation":"CAIXABANK, S.A.","authority":"Agencia Española de Protección de Datos (AEPD)","country":"Spain","date":"2021-01-07","dateBasis":"decision","amount":{"currency":"EUR","amount":"6,000,000"},"appealStatus":"unknown","url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/fine/aepd-caixabank-2021-01","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/fines/aepd-caixabank-2021-01.json","review":"reviewed"},{"kind":"fine","id":"imy-google-2020-03","organisation":"Google LLC","authority":"Integritetsskyddsmyndigheten (Swedish Authority for Privacy Protection)","country":"Sweden","date":"2020-03-10","dateBasis":"decision","amount":{"currency":"SEK","amount":"75,000,000"},"appealStatus":"reduced","url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/fine/imy-google-2020-03","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/fines/imy-google-2020-03.json","review":"reviewed"},{"kind":"fine","id":"garante-tim-2020-01","organisation":"TIM S.p.A.","authority":"Garante per la protezione dei dati personali","country":"Italy","date":"2020-01-15","dateBasis":"decision","amount":{"currency":"EUR","amount":"27,802,946"},"appealStatus":"unknown","url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/fine/garante-tim-2020-01","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/fines/garante-tim-2020-01.json","review":"reviewed"},{"kind":"fine","id":"cnil-google-2019-01","organisation":"Google LLC","authority":"Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés (CNIL)","country":"France","date":"2019-01-21","dateBasis":"decision","amount":{"currency":"EUR","amount":"50,000,000"},"appealStatus":"upheld","url":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/fine/cnil-google-2019-01","json":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/fines/cnil-google-2019-01.json","review":"reviewed"}]},"previous":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/articles/5.json","next":"https://dposchool.com/gdpr/api/v1/articles/7.json","source":{"statement":"Source: Regulation (EU) 2016/679, Official Journal L 119, 4.5.2016, as corrected. Only the text published in the Official Journal is authentic. © European Union, https://eur-lex.europa.eu","regulation":"Regulation (EU) 2016/679","eli":"http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2016/679/oj","celex":"32016R0679","officialJournal":"OJ L 119, 4.5.2016, p. 1","corrigenda":[{"reference":"OJ L 127, 23.5.2018, p. 2","celex":"32016R0679R(02)","date":"2018-05-23"}],"files":{"articles":{"description":"Consolidated text 02016R0679-20160504, version 000.002 (incorporates the 2018 corrigendum)","url":"http://publications.europa.eu/resource/celex/02016R0679-20160504"},"recitals":{"description":"Official Journal text, OJ L 119, 4.5.2016; recital 71 as corrected by OJ L 127, 23.5.2018","url":"http://publications.europa.eu/resource/celex/32016R0679"},"corrigendum":{"description":"Corrigendum, OJ L 127, 23.5.2018, p. 2","url":"http://publications.europa.eu/resource/celex/32016R0679R%2802%29"}},"licence":"© European Union, https://eur-lex.europa.eu. Reuse is authorised under Commission Decision 2011/833/EU, provided the source is acknowledged.","authentic":"Only the text published in the Official Journal of the European Union is authentic."},"dates":{"adopted":"2016-04-27","published":"2016-05-04","appliesFrom":"2018-05-25","textRetrievedOn":"2026-10-28"},"disclaimer":"Unofficial reproduction for reference. Not legal advice. Verify against the official text on EUR-Lex."}