---
title: "Case C-383/23: judgment of 13 February 2025"
canonical: "https://dposchool.com/gdpr/case/c-383-23"
source: "https://curia.europa.eu/juris/liste.jsf?num=C-383/23&language=en"
source_note: "Only the judgment as published by the Court of Justice is authoritative."
text_as_of: "2026-10-28"
last_reviewed: "2026-10-29"
language: "en"
publisher: "DPO School"
---

Court of Justice judgment · Case C-383/23

# Criminal proceedings against ILVA A/S

[Reviewed by Sergio Maldonado Elvira on 29 October 2026](https://dposchool.com/gdpr/about#review)

- **Case:** C-383/23
- **Court:** Court of Justice
- **Date of judgment:** 13 February 2025
- **ECLI:** ECLI:EU:C:2025:84
- **Instrument:** Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (GDPR)
- **Provisions:** [Article 83(4)](https://dposchool.com/gdpr/article/83#4), [Article 83(5)](https://dposchool.com/gdpr/article/83#5), [Article 83(6)](https://dposchool.com/gdpr/article/83#6)

## Holding (summary, not the official text)

'Undertaking' in Art. 83 has the competition-law meaning, so the maximum fine is a percentage of the whole group's worldwide turnover, which is also relevant to setting an effective and proportionate fine.

## Official source

- [Case C-383/23 on CURIA](https://curia.europa.eu/juris/liste.jsf?num=C-383/23&language=en)
- [Judgment on EUR-Lex (CELEX 62023CJ0383)](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:62023CJ0383)

Checked against the official source on 28 October 2026.

Only the judgment as published by the Court of Justice is authoritative. This is reference material, not legal advice.

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