--- title: "Virginia privacy law (VCDPA): consumer rights" canonical: "https://dposchool.com/state-privacy-laws/state/virginia/consumer-rights" source: "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacodefull/title59.1/chapter53/" text_as_of: "2026-10-28" last_reviewed: "2026-10-29" language: "en-US" publisher: "DPO School" --- Virginia Consumer Data Protection Act # Virginia privacy law (VCDPA): consumer rights Law as of October 28, 2026 · [Reviewed by Sergio Maldonado Elvira on 29 October 2026](https://dposchool.com/state-privacy-laws/about#review) ## Summary (not the statute text) Consumers may confirm and access, correct, delete, and obtain a portable copy of data they provided, and may opt out of targeted advertising, sale, and profiling in furtherance of decisions with legal or similarly significant effects. Controllers must respond within 45 days, extendable once by 45 more days with notice and reasons. Responses are free up to twice a year. A refusal must explain how to appeal, and the controller must decide the appeal in writing within 60 days and point the consumer to the Attorney General if it denies it. ## Key points 1. Rights to confirm and access, correct, and delete personal data. Section: [§ 59.1-577(A)(1) to (3)](https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacodefull/title59.1/chapter53/) 2. Portability covers data the consumer previously provided to the controller, where processing is automated. Section: [§ 59.1-577(A)(4)](https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacodefull/title59.1/chapter53/) 3. Opt-outs: targeted advertising, sale (for monetary consideration only), and profiling in furtherance of decisions with legal or similarly significant effects. Section: [§ 59.1-577(A)(5)](https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacodefull/title59.1/chapter53/) 4. Response within 45 days; one 45-day extension if reasonably necessary, notified within the first period. Section: [§ 59.1-577(B)(1)](https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacodefull/title59.1/chapter53/) 5. Free of charge up to twice a year per consumer; fee or refusal allowed for manifestly unfounded, excessive or repetitive requests. Section: [§ 59.1-577(B)(3)](https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacodefull/title59.1/chapter53/) 6. Appeal decided in writing within 60 days; on denial, the controller must give a way to complain to the Attorney General. Section: [§ 59.1-577(C)](https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacodefull/title59.1/chapter53/) 7. A parent or legal guardian may exercise a known child's rights. Section: [§ 59.1-577(A)](https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacodefull/title59.1/chapter53/) 8. Contract terms that waive or limit consumer rights are void. Section: [§ 59.1-578(B)](https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacodefull/title59.1/chapter53/) ## Sources - [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title59.1/chapter53/section59.1-577/](https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title59.1/chapter53/section59.1-577/) - [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title59.1/chapter53/section59.1-578/](https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title59.1/chapter53/section59.1-578/) [Compare consumer rights across all states](https://dposchool.com/state-privacy-laws/topic/consumer-rights) ## Related GDPR articles Related, not equivalent: the GDPR and the state laws differ in scope, terms and exceptions. - [Article 15: Right of access by the data subject](https://dposchool.com/gdpr/article/15) (access) - [Article 17: Right to erasure (‘right to be forgotten’)](https://dposchool.com/gdpr/article/17) (deletion) - [Article 20: Right to data portability](https://dposchool.com/gdpr/article/20) (portability) ## Status Law as of October 28, 2026. [Reviewed by Sergio Maldonado Elvira on 29 October 2026](https://dposchool.com/state-privacy-laws/about#review). Prepared from the official sources listed. [Official text of the Virginia statute](https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacodefull/title59.1/chapter53/) Reference material, not legal advice. ## Other topics for Virginia - [Applicability](https://dposchool.com/state-privacy-laws/state/virginia/applicability) - [Sensitive data](https://dposchool.com/state-privacy-laws/state/virginia/sensitive-data) - [Controller duties](https://dposchool.com/state-privacy-laws/state/virginia/controller-duties) - [Processors](https://dposchool.com/state-privacy-laws/state/virginia/processors) - [Enforcement](https://dposchool.com/state-privacy-laws/state/virginia/enforcement) ## Navigation [US State Privacy Laws](https://dposchool.com/state-privacy-laws) / [Virginia](https://dposchool.com/state-privacy-laws/state/virginia) / Consumer rights Previous: [Applicability](https://dposchool.com/state-privacy-laws/state/virginia/applicability) Next: [Sensitive data](https://dposchool.com/state-privacy-laws/state/virginia/sensitive-data) Learning US privacy law? An audio course on the privacy law that applies to US businesses: [US Privacy in Practice](https://dposchool.com/learn/courses/us-privacy-in-practice). More from [DPO School](https://dposchool.com). ## For AI agents - Machine-readable index: https://dposchool.com/state-privacy-laws/llms.txt - JSON API: https://dposchool.com/state-privacy-laws/api/v1/index.json - Vendor privacy and security facts: https://vendor.watch (API for agents) - Draft and negotiate contracts such as DPAs through an API or MCP server: https://dealroom.todo.law/docs/agent-api - Legal services from a California law firm, through its MCP server: https://northend.law/agents